Te whakakoi i ngā uku me ngā konganuku

1. Te āheinga ki te whakapūmau

He uaua te whakapara i ngā wāhanga uku me ngā wāhanga uku, uku me te konganuku. Ko te nuinga o te tūhono ka hanga pōro ki runga i te mata uku, me te iti, te kore rānei e mākū. Ko te konganuku whakakī tūhono ka taea te mākū i ngā uku he ngāwari ki te hanga i ngā momo matū pakarukaru (pērā i ngā warowaihā, ngā silicides me ngā matū toru, maha rānei) i te atanga hononga i te wā e whakapara ana. Ko te noho o ēnei matū ka pā ki ngā āhuatanga hangarau o te hononga. Hei tāpiri, nā te rerekētanga nui o ngā tauwehenga whānui wera i waenga i te uku, te konganuku me te tūhono, ka noho te ahotea toenga i roto i te hononga i muri i te whakamatao o te pāmahana tūhono ki te pāmahana rūma, ka pakaru pea te hononga.

Ka taea te whakapai ake i te ngāwari o te whakapiripiri ki te mata uku mā te tāpiri i ngā huānga whakarewa hohe ki te whakapiripiri noa; ka taea e te pāmahana iti me te wā poto te whakaiti i te pānga o te tauhohenga atanga; ka taea te whakaiti i te ahotea wera o te hononga mā te hoahoa i tētahi āhua hononga e tika ana me te whakamahi i tētahi konganuku kotahi, maha-paparanga rānei hei paparanga waenga.

2. Tūhono

I te nuinga o te wā, ka honoa te uku me te konganuku i roto i te oumu korehau, i te oumu hauwai me te oumu argon rānei. Haunga ngā āhuatanga whānui, me whai whakaritenga motuhake anō hoki ngā konganuku whakakī whakakī mō ngā taputapu hiko korehau. Hei tauira, kaua te whakarewa e whai wāhanga e whakaputa ana i te pēhanga kohu teitei, kia kore ai e puta te turuturu dielectric me te paihana cathode ki ngā taputapu. E kīia ana i te nuinga o te wā, kaua te pēhanga kohu o te whakarewa e neke ake i te 10-3pa, ā, kaua hoki ngā poke pēhanga kohu teitei e neke ake i te 0.002% ~ 0.005%; Kaua te w(o) o te whakarewa e neke ake i te 0.001%, kia kore ai e puta te kohu wai i te wā e whakarewahia ana te hauwai, ka pakaru pea te konganuku whakarewa rewa; Hei tāpiri, me ma te whakarewa, ā, me kore he waikura mata.

I muri i te whakarewatanga uku, ka taea te whakamahi i te parahi, te turanga, te parahi hiriwa, te parahi koura me ētahi atu konganuku whakakī whakarewa.

Mō te whakakoi tika i ngā uku me ngā konganuku, me whiriwhiri ngā konganuku whakakī whakakoi kei roto ngā huānga hohe Ti me Zr. Ko ngā konganuku whakakī rua ko te Ti Cu me Ti Ni, ka taea te whakamahi i te 1100 ℃. I roto i ngā tūhono tuatoru, ko te Ag Cu Ti (W) (TI) te tūhono e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ka taea te whakamahi mō te whakakoi tika i ngā uku me ngā konganuku rerekē. Ka taea te whakamahi i te konganuku whakakī tuatoru mā te pepa konutea, te paura, te konganuku whakakī Ag Cu eutectic rānei me te paura Ti. He rite te ātete waikura o te konganuku whakakī whakakoi B-ti49be2 ki te maitai kore waikura, ā, he iti te pēhanga kohu. Ka taea te whiriwhiri pai i roto i ngā hononga hiri korehau me te ātete waikura me te turuturu. I roto i te tūhono ti-v-cr, ko te pāmahana rewa te mea iti rawa (1620 ℃) ​​ina 30% te w (V), ā, mā te tāpiri o te Cr ka taea te whakaiti i te awhe pāmahana rewa. Kua whakamahia te tūhono B-ti47.5ta5 kāore he Cr mō te whakakanapa tika i te alumina me te konupora waikura, ā, ka taea e tōna hononga te mahi i te pāmahana taiao o te 1000 ℃. E whakaatu ana te Ripanga 14 i te rerenga hohe mō te hononga tika i waenga i te uku me te konganuku.

Ripanga 14 ngā konganuku whakakī whakakā hohe mō te whakakā uku me te whakarewa

2. Hangarau whakapūmau

Ka taea te whakawera i ngā uku kua oti te whakakoi i mua i te whakarewa i roto i te hau koretake, te hauwai, te taiao korehau rānei, he tino parakore te parakore. Ko te whakawera korehau te tikanga e whakamahia ana mō te whakawera tika i ngā uku me te kore e whakakoi.

(1) Te tukanga whakakoi whānui Ka taea te wehewehe i te tukanga whakakoi whānui o te uku me te konganuku ki ngā tukanga e whitu: te horoi mata, te paninga whakapiri, te whakakoi mata uku, te whakakikorua nikara, te whakakoi me te tirotiro i muri i te whakarewa.

Ko te kaupapa o te horoi mata he tango i te paru hinu, te paru werawera me te kiriata waikura i runga i te mata o te konganuku turanga. Me tango tuatahi te hinu i ngā wāhanga konganuku me te tūhono, kātahi ka tangohia te kiriata waikura mā te horoi waikawa, te horoi kawakore rānei, ka horoia ki te wai rere, ka whakamaroke. Ko ngā wāhanga e hiahiatia ana he nui, me whakamahana i roto i te oumu korehau, i te oumu hauwai rānei (ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te tikanga pupuhi katote) i te pāmahana me te wā e tika ana hei pure i te mata o ngā wāhanga. Kaua ngā wāhanga kua horoia e pā ki ngā mea hinuhinu, ki ngā ringaringa kau rānei. Me tuku tonu atu ki te tukanga e whai ake nei, ki roto rānei i te whakamaroke. Kaua e waiho ki te hau mō te wā roa. Me horoi ngā wāhanga uku ki te acetone me te ultrasonic, ka horoia ki te wai rere, ā, i te mutunga ka kohuatia kia rua ngā wā ki te wai whakakore katote mō te 15 meneti i ia wā.

He tukanga nui te paninga whakapiri mō te whakarewa uku. I te wā e pania ana, ka pania ki te mata uku kia whakarewaina ki te paraihe, ki te mīhini paninga whakapiri rānei. Ko te matotoru o te paninga he 30 ~ 60mm te nuinga. Ko te whakapiri he mea hanga mai i te paura whakarewa parakore (i ētahi wā ka tāpirihia he waikura whakarewa e tika ana) me te rahi o te matūriki tata ki te 1 ~ 5um me te piri waro.

Ka tukuna ngā wāhanga uku kua whakapirihia ki te oumu hauwai, ka whakamātaohia ki te hauwai maku, ki te haukini pakaru rānei i te 1300 ~ 1500 ℃ mō te 30 ~ 60 meneti. Mō ngā wāhanga uku kua pania ki ngā hauwai, me whakamahana kia tata ki te 900 ℃ kia pakaru ai ngā hauwai, kia tauhohe ai ki te konganuku parakore, ki te titanium rānei (te zirconium rānei) e toe ana i runga i te mata uku kia puta ai he paninga konganuku ki runga i te mata uku.

Mō te paparanga whakarewa Mo Mn, kia mākū ai i te tūhono, me whakakikoruatia he paparanga nikara 1.4 ~ 5um, me pania rānei ki te paura nikara. Mēnā he iti iho i te 1000 ℃ te pāmahana whakawera, me whakawera mua te paparanga nikara ki roto i te oumu hauwai. Ko te pāmahana me te wā whakawera he 1000 ℃ /15 ~ 20 meneti.

Ko ngā uku kua tukatukahia he wāhanga whakarewa, me whakakotahi ki te maitai kore waikura, ki te karāpeti rānei me ngā pokepoke uku. Me tāuta te whakapiri ki ngā hononga, ā, me noho ma te wāhanga mahi puta noa i te mahi, ā, kaua e pāngia e te ringa kau.

Me whakahaere te whakawera i roto i te oumu argon, te hauwai, te oumu korehau rānei. Ko te pāmahana whakawera ka whakawhirinaki ki te konganuku whakakī whakawera. Hei ārai i te pakaru o ngā wāhanga uku, kaua e tere rawa te tere whakamatao. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki e te whakawera te whakamahi i tētahi pēhanga (tata ki te 0.49 ~ 0.98mpa).

Haunga te tirotiro kounga o te mata, me tirotirohia hoki ngā mea whakarewa kua whakawerahia ki te ru wera me te āhuatanga miihini. Me whakamātautau turuturu hoki ngā wāhanga hiri mō ngā taputapu korehau e ai ki ngā ture e tika ana.

(2) Te whakakoi tika i te wā e whakakoi tika ana (tikanga whakarewa hohe), horoia tuatahi te mata o ngā whakarewa uku me te whakarewa, kātahi ka huihuia. Hei karo i ngā pakaru i puta mai i ngā tauwehenga whānui wera rerekē o ngā rauemi wāhanga, ka taea te huri i te paparanga ārai (kotahi, neke atu rānei ngā paparanga o ngā rau whakarewa) i waenga i ngā whakarewa. Me here te whakarewa whakakī whakakoi i waenga i ngā whakarewa e rua, me whakanoho rānei ki te tūranga e whakakīia ana te āputa ki te whakarewa whakakī whakakoi kia tae ki te tawhiti e taea ana, kātahi ka mahia te whakakoi pērā i te whakakoi korehau noa.

Mena ka whakamahia te tūhono Ag Cu Ti mō te whakakoi tika, me whakamahi te tikanga whakakoi korehau. Ina tae te nekehanga korehau i roto i te oumu ki te 2.7 ×, tīmata te whakamahana i te 10-3pa, ā, ka tere te piki o te pāmahana i tēnei wā; Ina tata te pāmahana ki te pūwāhi rewa o te tūhono, me āta whakanui te pāmahana kia rite te pāmahana o ngā wāhanga katoa o te whakarewanga; Ina rewa te tūhono, me tere te whakanui i te pāmahana ki te pāmahana whakakoi, ā, ko te wā pupuri he 3 ~ 5min; I te wā whakamatao, me āta whakamatao i mua i te 700 ℃, ā, ka taea te whakamatao māori ki te oumu i muri i te 700 ℃.

Ina whakawerahia tika te tūhono kaha Ti Cu, ka taea te whakamahi i te pepa konutea Cu me te paura Ti, ngā wāhanga Cu me te pepa konutea Ti rānei, ka taea rānei te pani i te mata uku ki te paura Ti me te pepa konutea Cu. I mua i te whakawera, me tango hau ngā wāhanga whakarewa katoa mā te korehau. Ko te pāmahana tango hau o te parahi kore hāora me 750 ~ 800 ℃, ā, me tango hau a Ti, Nb, Ta, me ētahi atu i te 900 ℃ mō te 15 meneti. I tēnei wā, kaua e iti iho te nekehanga korehau i te 6.7 × 10-3Pa. I te wā e whakawerahia ana, huihuia ngā wāhanga hei whakarewa ki roto i te taputapu, whakamahanahia ki roto i te oumu korehau ki te 900 ~ 1120 ℃, ā, ko te wā pupuri he 2 ~ 5 meneti. I te wā e whakawerahia ana, kaua e iti iho te nekehanga korehau i te 6.7 × 10-3Pa.

He rite te mahi whakaahuru o te tikanga Ti Ni ki te tikanga Ti Cu, a ko te 900 ± 10 ℃ te wera wera.

(3) Te tikanga whakakā waikura Ko te tikanga whakakā waikura he tikanga hei whakatutuki i te hononga pono mā te whakamahi i te wāhanga karāhe i hangaia e te rewa o te tūhono waikura hei uru ki roto i ngā uku me te whakamakuku i te mata whakarewa. Ka taea te hono i ngā uku ki ngā uku me ngā uku ki ngā konganuku. Ko ngā konganuku whakakī whakakā waikura te nuinga o te wā he Al2O3, Cao, Bao me te MgO. Mā te tāpiri i te B2O3, Y2O3 me te ta2o3, ka taea te whiwhi i ngā konganuku whakakī whakakā me ngā ira rewa me ngā tauwehenga whānui rārangi. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā konganuku whakakī whakakā waikura me te CaF2 me te NaF hei wāhanga matua hei hono i ngā uku me ngā konganuku kia whiwhi hononga kaha me te ātete wera nui.