Te whakapūmau i te maitai kore waikura

Te whakapūmau i te maitai kore waikura

1. Te āheinga ki te whakapūmau

Ko te raru matua o te whakakākahu i te maitai kore waikura ko te pānga nui o te kiriata waikura i runga i te mata ki te makuku me te horapa o te whakarewa. He nui te Cr kei roto i ngā maitai kore waikura maha, ā, kei roto hoki i ētahi ko te Ni, Ti, Mn, Mo, Nb me ētahi atu huānga, ka taea te hanga i ngā momo waikura, tae atu ki ngā waikura whakakotahi ki runga i te mata. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā waikura Cr2O3 me TiO2 o Cr me Ti he tino pumau, ā, he uaua ki te tango. I te wā e whakakākahu ana i te hau, me whakamahi te rerenga hohe hei tango atu; I te wā e whakakākahu ana i te hau tiaki, ka taea anake te whakaiti i te kiriata waikura i roto i te hau parakore teitei me te iti o te ira tomairangi me te pāmahana teitei; I te whakakākahu korehau, me nui te korehau me te pāmahana kia pai ai te pānga whakakākahu.

Ko tētahi atu raruraru o te whakawera i te kowiri tira ko te pānga nui o te pāmahana whakamahana ki te hanganga o te konganuku turanga. Kaua te pāmahana whakamahana whakawera o te kowiri tira austenitic e neke ake i te 1150 ℃, ki te kore ka tino tupu te witi; ki te kore he huānga pumau Ti, Nb rānei i roto i te kowiri tira austenitic, ā, he nui te ihirangi waro, me karo hoki te whakawera i roto i te pāmahana whakaōrite (500 ~ 850 ℃). Hei ārai i te hekenga o te ātete waikura nā te maturuturunga o te chromium carbide. He tino pakari te kōwhiringa o te pāmahana whakawera mō te kowiri tira martensitic. Ko tētahi ko te whakataurite i te pāmahana whakawera ki te pāmahana tinei, kia whakakotahi ai te tukanga whakawera me te tukanga maimoatanga wera; ko tētahi ko te iti iho o te pāmahana whakawera i te pāmahana whakaōrite kia kore ai e ngohengohe te konganuku turanga i te wā e whakawera ana. Ko te kaupapa kōwhiringa pāmahana whakawera o te kowiri tira whakapakeketanga maturuturunga he rite ki te kowiri tira martensitic, arā, me ōrite te pāmahana whakawera ki te pūnaha maimoatanga wera kia whiwhi ai i ngā āhuatanga miihini pai rawa atu.

Haunga ngā raruraru matua e rua i runga ake nei, he āhua pakaru te ahotea i te wā e whakawerahia ana te maitai kore waikura austenitic, inā koa i te wā e whakawerahia ana ki te konganuku whakakī parahi konutea. Hei karo i te pakaru ahotea, me whakamahana te mea mahi i mua i te whakawera, ā, me whakamahana ōrite te mea mahi i te wā e whakawerahia ana.

2. Rauemi whakakoi

(1) E ai ki ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga o ngā whakarewa maitai kore waikura, ko ngā konganuku whakakī whakakā e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā whakarewa maitai kore waikura ko te konganuku whakakī whakakā Tin Lead, te konganuku whakakī whakakā hiriwa, te konganuku whakakī whakakā parahi, te konganuku whakakī whakakā manganese, te konganuku whakakī whakakā nikara me te konganuku utu nui.

Ko te tūhono mata tine te mea e whakamahia nuitia ana mō te tūhono kowiri tira, ā, he pai mō te nui o te tine. Ko te nui ake o te tine o te tūhono, ko te pai ake o tōna ngāwari ki te whakamakuku ki te kowiri tira. Kei te Ripanga 3 te kaha kutikuti o ngā hononga kowiri tira 1Cr18Ni9Ti i whakawerahia ki ētahi tūhono mata tine noa. Nā te iti o te kaha o ngā hononga, ka whakamahia anake mō te whakawera i ngā wāhanga he iti te kaha kawe.

Ripanga 3 te kaha kutikuti o te hononga maitai kore waikura 1Cr18Ni9Ti i whakarewaina ki te tūhono tine mata

Ko ngā konganuku whakakī hiriwa ngā konganuku whakakī e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te whakakā i te kowiri tira. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā konganuku whakakī hiriwa parahi konutea me te hiriwa parahi konutea cadmium te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana nā te mea he iti noa te pānga o te pāmahana whakakā ki ngā āhuatanga o te konganuku turanga. Kei te Ripanga 4 te kaha o ngā hononga kowiri tira ICr18Ni9Ti i whakakāhia ki ētahi whakakā hiriwa noa. Kāore i te maha ngā whakamahinga o ngā hononga kowiri tira i whakakāhia ki ngā whakakā hiriwa i roto i ngā momo waikura tino kino, ā, ko te pāmahana mahi o ngā hononga kāore e neke ake i te 300 ℃. I te whakakā i te kowiri tira kāore he nikara, hei ārai i te waikura o te hononga i whakakāhia i roto i te taiao makuku, me whakamahi te konganuku whakakī me te nikara nui ake, pērā i te b-ag50cuzncdni. I te whakakā i te kowiri tira martensitic, hei ārai i te ngohengohe o te konganuku turanga, me whakamahi te konganuku whakakī me te pāmahana whakakā kāore e neke ake i te 650 ℃, pērā i te b-ag40cuzncd. I te wā e whakakanapahia ana te maitai kore waikura i roto i te āhuarangi tiaki, ka taea te whakamahi i te rere whakakanapa whaiaro kei roto te konukōre, pērā i te b-ag92culi me te b-ag72culi. I te wā e whakakanapahia ana te maitai kore waikura i roto i te korehau, kia pai tonu ai te makuku o te konganuku whakakī ina kore he huānga pērā i te Zn me te CD e ngāwari ana te mimiti, ka taea te whiriwhiri i ngā huānga kei roto te konganuku whakakī hiriwa pērā i te Mn, Ni me te RD.

Ripanga 4 te kaha o te hononga maitai kore waikura ICr18Ni9Ti i whakarewaina ki te konganuku whakakī hiriwa

Ko ngā konganuku whakakī parahi e whakamahia ana mō te whakakī i ngā maitai rerekē ko te parahi parakore, te nikara parahi, me te konupora konupora konupora. Ko te konganuku whakakī parahi parakore e whakamahia ana mō te whakakī i raro i te tiaki hau, i te korehau rānei. Kāore e neke ake i te 400 ℃ te pāmahana mahi o te hononga kowiri tira, engari he iti te ātete ki te waikura o te hononga. Ko te konganuku whakakī parahi nikara e whakamahia ana mō te whakakī mura me te whakakī whakapūmau. Kei te Ripanga 5 te kaha o te hononga kowiri tira 1Cr18Ni9Ti kua whakakīhia. Ka kitea he rite te kaha o te hononga ki te konganuku turanga, ā, he teitei te pāmahana mahi. Ko te konganuku whakakī Cu Mn co e whakamahia ana mō te whakakī i te kowiri tira martensitic i roto i te hau tiaki. He rite te kaha o te hononga me te pāmahana mahi ki ērā kua whakakīhia ki te konganuku whakakī koura. Hei tauira, ko te hononga kowiri tira 1Cr13 kua whakakīhia ki te tūhono b-cu58mnco he rite te mahi ki te hononga kowiri tira kotahi kua whakakīhia ki te tūhono b-au82ni (tirohia te Ripanga 6), engari he tino iti te utu whakaputa.

Ripanga 5 te kaha kutikuti o te hononga maitai kore waikura 1Cr18Ni9Ti i whakarewaina ki te whakarewa whakakī turanga parahi pāmahana teitei

Ripanga 6 te kaha kutikuti o te hononga whakarewa maitai kore waikura 1Cr13

Ko ngā konganuku whakakī whakakī konupora te mea e whakamahia nuitia ana mō te whakakī hau, ā, me teitei te parakore o te hau. Hei karo i te tipu o te kōhao o te konganuku turanga, me whiriwhiri te konganuku whakakī whakakī e rite ana me te pāmahana whakakī i raro i te 1150 ℃. Ka taea te whiwhi pānga whakakī pai mō ngā hononga kowiri tira i whakakīia ki te tūhono konupora, e whakaaturia ana i te Ripanga 7. Ka taea e te pāmahana mahi o te hononga te eke ki te 600 ℃.

Ripanga 7 te kaha kutikuti o te hononga maitai kore waikura lcr18ni9fi i whakarewaina ki te konganuku whakakī i ahu mai i te konupora

Ina whakawerahia te maitai kore waikura ki te konganuku whakakī turanga nikara, he pai te mahi pāmahana teitei o te hononga. Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia tēnei konganuku whakakī mō te whakawera hau, te whakawera korehau rānei. Hei whakakore i te raruraru e puta ake ai ngā matū pakarukaru i roto i te hononga whakawera i te wā e hangaia ana te hononga, e tino whakaiti ana i te kaha me te ngāwari o te hononga, me whakaiti te āputa hononga kia tino horapa ngā huānga ngāwari ki te hanga i te wāhanga pakarukaru i roto i te tūhono ki roto i te konganuku turanga. Hei ārai i te tupu o te kōpaka konganuku turanga nā te roa o te wā pupuri i te pāmahana whakawera, ka taea te whakahaere i ngā inenga tukanga o te pupuri poto me te maimoatanga horapa i te pāmahana iti iho (ki te pāmahana whakawera) i muri i te whakarewa.

Ko ngā konganuku whakakī whakau whakarewa rangatira e whakamahia ana mō te whakau i te kowiri tira ko te nuinga o ngā konganuku whakakī koura me ngā konganuku whakakī kei roto te palladium, ko ngā mea tino kitea ko te b-au82ni, b-ag54cupd me te b-au82ni, he pai te makuku. He kaha teitei te hononga kowiri tira kua whakauhia ki te pāmahana teitei me te ātete ki te waikura, ā, ka taea e te pāmahana mahi mōrahi te eke ki te 800 ℃. He rite ngā āhuatanga o te B-ag54cupd ki te b-au82ni, ā, he iti te utu, nō reira he whakakapinga mō te b-au82ni.

(2) Kei roto i te mata o te maitai kore waikura i roto i te hau rere me te oumu ngā waikura pēnei i te Cr2O3 me te TiO2, ka taea anake te tango mā te whakamahi i te rere kaha. Ina whakawerahia te maitai kore waikura ki te tine mata, ko te rere e tika ana ko te wai waikawa phosphoric, ko te wai waikawa konutea rānei. He poto te wā mahi o te wai waikawa phosphoric, nō reira me whakamahi i te tikanga whakawera tere. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rere Fb102, fb103, fb104 rānei hei whakawera i te maitai kore waikura ki ngā konganuku whakakī hiriwa. Ina whakawerahia te maitai kore waikura ki te konganuku whakakī parahi, ka whakamahia te rere fb105 nā te mea he teitei te pāmahana whakawera.

I te wā e whakawera ana i te maitai kore waikura i roto i te oumu, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te hau korehau, te hau tiaki rānei pērā i te hauwai, te argon me te ammonia pirau. I te wā e whakawera ana i te korehau, me iti iho te pēhanga korehau i te 10-2Pa. I te wā e whakawera ana i te hau tiaki, kaua te tohu tomairangi o te hau e teitei ake i te -40 ℃. Mena kāore i te rawaka te parakore o te hau, kāore rānei i te teitei te pāmahana whakawera, ka taea te tāpiri i tētahi iti o te rerenga whakawera hau, pērā i te boron trifluoride, ki te hau.

2. Hangarau whakapūmau

Me horoi rawa te maitai kore waikura i mua i te whakawera kia tangohia ai te hinu me te hinu. He pai ake te whakawera tonu i muri i te horoinga.

Ka taea e te whakakā maitai kore waikura te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakamahana mura, whakaawe me te oumu. Me whai pūnaha whakahaere pāmahana pai te oumu mō te whakakā i roto i te oumu (me ± 6 ℃ te rerekētanga o te pāmahana whakakā) ā, me tere te whakamatao. Ina whakamahia te hauwai hei hau tiaki mō te whakakā, ko ngā whakaritenga mō te hauwai ka whakawhirinaki ki te pāmahana whakakā me te hanganga o te konganuku turanga, arā, ko te iti o te pāmahana whakakā, ko te nui ake o te whakapūmau i roto i te konganuku turanga, ā, ko te iti iho o te tohu hauhautanga o te hauwai e hiahiatia ana. Hei tauira, mō ngā maitai kore waikura martensitic pērā i te 1Cr13 me te cr17ni2t, i te wā e whakakā ana i te 1000 ℃, me iti iho te tohu hauhautanga o te hauwai i te -40 ℃; Mō te maitai kore waikura nikara 18-8 chromium kāore he whakapūmau, me iti iho te tohu hauhautanga o te hauwai i te 25 ℃ i te wā e whakakā ana i te 1150 ℃; Heoi, mō te maitai kore waikura 1Cr18Ni9Ti kei roto te titanium stabilizer, me iti iho te hauhautanga hauwai i te -40 ℃ i te wā e whakawerahia ana i te 1150 ℃. Ina whakawerahia ki te parenga argon, me teitei ake te parakore o te argon. Mēnā he parahi, he nikara rānei kei runga i te mata o te maitai kore waikura, ka taea te whakaiti i te hiahia mō te parakore o te hau tiaki. Hei whakarite kia tangohia te kiriata waikura i runga i te mata o te maitai kore waikura, ka taea hoki te tāpiri i te rerenga hau BF3, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te konukōre rerenga-ake kei roto te lithium, te boron rānei. Ina whakawerahia te maitai kore waikura mā te kore hau, ko ngā hiahia mō te tohu kore hau ka whakawhirinaki ki te pāmahana whakawera. Mā te pikinga o te pāmahana whakawera, ka taea te whakaiti i te kore hau e hiahiatia ana.

Ko te tukanga matua o te kowiri tira i muri i te whakakoi ko te horoi i te rerenga toenga me te aukati rere toenga, me te whakahaere i te maimoatanga wera i muri i te whakakoi mēnā e tika ana. I runga i te rerenga me te tikanga whakakoi e whakamahia ana, ka taea te horoi i te rerenga toenga ki te wai, te horoi miihini, te horoi matū rānei. Mēnā ka whakamahia he mea whakakoi hei horoi i te rerenga toenga, i te kiriata waikura rānei i te wāhi wera e tata ana ki te hononga, me whakamahi te onepu, ētahi atu matūriki kore-whakarewa rānei. Ko ngā wāhanga i hangaia ki te kowiri tira martensitic me te kowiri tira whakapakeketanga me te whakamahana i runga i ngā whakaritenga motuhake o te rauemi i muri i te whakakoi. Ko ngā hononga kowiri tira i whakakoitia ki te Ni Cr B me te Ni Cr Si he maha ngā wā ka rongoatia ki te maimoatanga wera horapa i muri i te whakakoi hei whakaiti i ngā whakaritenga mō te āputa whakakoi me te whakapai ake i te hanganga moroiti me ngā āhuatanga o ngā hononga.