Te Whakapūmau i ngā Superalloys

Te Whakapūmau i ngā Superalloys

(1) Ngā āhuatanga whakapūmau Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā konukōrei tino pai ki ngā wāhanga e toru: te turanga nikara, te turanga rino me te turanga konukōrei. He pai ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha, te ātete ki te waikura me te ātete ki te waikura i ngā pāmahana teitei. Ko te konukōrei turanga nikara te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te mahi whakaputa.

He nui ake te Cr i roto i te konukōre nui, ā, ka hangaia he kiriata waikura Cr2O3 ki runga i te mata i te wā e whakamahana ana. Kei roto i ngā konukōre matua nikara te Al me te Ti, he ngāwari te waikura ina whakamahanatia. Nō reira, ko te ārai, te whakaiti rānei i te waikura o ngā konukōre nui i te wā e whakamahanatia ana, me te tango i te kiriata waikura te raruraru matua i te wā e whakaweratia ana. I te mea ka taea e te borax, te waikawa boric rānei i roto i te rere te waikura o te konganuku turanga i te pāmahana whakaweratia, ka taea e te boron i puta i muri i te tauhohenga te uru ki roto i te konganuku turanga, ka hua ake he urunga ā-ira. Mō ngā konukōre matua nikara whakarewa he nui te ihirangi Al me te Ti, kaua te tohu korehau i te āhua wera e iti iho i te 10-2 ~ 10-3pa i te wā e whakaweratia ana kia kore ai e waikura i runga i te mata konukōre i te wā e whakamahanatia ana.

Mō ngā koranu turanga nikara kua whakapakarihia ki te otinga me te whakarewa, me rite te pāmahana whakawera ki te pāmahana whakamahana o te maimoatanga otinga kia tino memeha ai ngā huānga koranu. He iti rawa te pāmahana whakawera, ā, kāore e taea te memeha katoa ngā huānga koranu; ki te tino teitei te pāmahana whakawera, ka tipu te kiri whakarewa turanga, ā, e kore e whakahokia mai ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi ahakoa i muri i te maimoatanga wera. He teitei te pāmahana otinga totoka o ngā koranu turanga whakarewa, ā, ko te tikanga kāore e pā ki ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi nā te tino teitei o te pāmahana whakawera.

Ko ētahi o ngā konukōre turanga nikara, inā koa ko ngā konukōre whakakaha i te waikura, he āhua pakaru te ahotea. I mua i te whakakoi, me tango katoa te ahotea i puta i roto i te tukanga, ā, me whakaiti te ahotea wera i te wā e whakakoi ana.

(2) Ka taea te whakawera i te koranu turanga nikara ki te turanga hiriwa, te parahi parakore, te turanga nikara me te tūhono kaha. Mēnā kāore i te teitei te pāmahana mahi o te hononga, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rauemi hiriwa. He maha ngā momo tūhono hiriwa. Hei whakaiti i te ahotea o roto i te wā e whakawera ana, he pai ake te whiriwhiri i te tūhono he iti te pāmahana rewa. Ka taea te whakamahi i te rerenga Fb101 mō te whakawera me te konganuku whakakī turanga hiriwa. Ka whakamahia te rerenga Fb102 mō te whakawera i te koranu whakakaha rawa atu me te ihirangi konumohe teitei rawa, ā, ka tāpirihia he 10% ~ 20% konutai silicate, te rerenga konumohe rānei (pēnei i te fb201). Mēnā neke atu te pāmahana whakawera i te 900 ℃, me whiriwhiri te rerenga fb105.

I te wā e whakawerahia ana i roto i te korehau, i te hau tiaki rānei, ka taea te whakamahi i te parahi parakore hei konganuku whakakī whakawera. Ko te pāmahana whakawera he 1100 ~ 1150 ℃, ā, e kore e puta he pakaru ahotea i te hononga, engari kaua te pāmahana mahi e neke ake i te 400 ℃.

Ko te konganuku whakakī whakakī turanga nikara te konganuku whakakī whakakī e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā Superalloys nā te mea he pai te mahi pāmahana teitei, ā, kāore he pakaru ahotea i te wā e whakakī ana. Ko ngā huānga koranu matua i roto i te whakakī turanga nikara ko Cr, Si, B, ā, he iti noa te whakakī kei roto ko Fe, W, me ētahi atu. Ki te whakatauritea ki te ni-cr-si-b, ka taea e te konganuku whakakī whakakī b-ni68crwb te whakaiti i te urunga ā-roto o te B ki roto i te konganuku turanga, me te whakanui ake i te wā rewa pāmahana. He konganuku whakakī whakakī mō te whakakī i ngā wāhanga mahi pāmahana teitei me ngā mata tāpoi. Heoi, ka kino haere te rere o te whakakī kei roto i te W, ā, he uaua ki te whakahaere i te āputa hononga.

Kāore he huānga Si i roto i te konganuku whakakī whakarewa horapa kaha, ā, he tino ātete ki te waikura me te whakamomona. Ka taea te whiriwhiri i te pāmahana whakarewa mai i te 1150 ℃ ki te 1218 ℃ e ai ki te momo whakarewa. I muri i te whakarewa, ka taea te whiwhi i te hononga whakarewa me ngā āhuatanga rite ki te konganuku turanga i muri i te maimoatanga horapa 1066 ℃.

(3) Ka taea e te tukanga whakakoi te whakamahi i te whakakoi i roto i te oumu hau tiaki, te whakakoi korehau me te hononga ā-wāhanga wai whakawhiti. I mua i te whakakoi, me tango te hinu i te mata, ka tangohia te waikura mā te whakakanapa pepa kirikiri, te whakakanapa wira huruhuru, te horoi acetone me te horoi matū. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā tawhā tukanga whakakoi, me mōhio kia kaua e tino teitei te pāmahana whakamahana, ā, me poto te wā whakakoi kia kore ai e kaha te tauhohenga matū i waenga i te rere me te konganuku turanga. Hei ārai i te pakaru o te konganuku turanga, me whakamāmā te ahotea o ngā wāhanga tukatuka matao i mua i te whakakoi, ā, me rite te whakamahana o te whakakoi. Mō ngā konukōi whakakaha i te ua, me tukatuka tuatahi ngā wāhanga ki te otinga totoka, kātahi ka whakakoi ki te pāmahana teitei ake i te maimoatanga whakakaha tawhito, ā, i te mutunga, me tukatuka koroheke.

1) Te whakawera i roto i te oumu hau tiaki Me whakawera i roto i te oumu hau tiaki kia teitei te parakore o te hau tiaki. Mō ngā konukōrei tino pai me te w (AL) me te w (TI) iti iho i te 0.5%, me iti iho te tohu tomairangi i te -54 ℃ ina whakamahia te hauwai, te argon rānei. Ina piki ake te ihirangi o te Al me te Ti, ka waikura tonu te mata o te konukōrei ina werahia. Me mahi ēnei mahi; Tāpirihia he iti o te rerenga (pēnei i te fb105) ka tangohia te kiriata waikura me te rerenga; pania he paninga matotoru 0.025 ~ 0.038mm ki te mata o ngā wāhanga; Rehuhia te tūhono ki te mata o te rauemi hei whakawera i mua; Tāpirihia he iti o te rerenga hau, pērā i te boron trifluoride.

2) Te whakakoi korehau He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te whakakoi korehau hei whakapai ake i te pānga tiaki me te kounga whakakoi. Tirohia te ripanga 15 mō ngā āhuatanga hangarau o ngā hononga nikara turanga nikara noa. Mō ngā nikara tino nui me te w (AL) me te w (TI) iti iho i te 4%, he pai ake te whakakikorua i tētahi paparanga nikara 0.01 ~ 0.015mm ki te mata, ahakoa ka taea te whakarite kia mākū te tūhono me te kore he maimoatanga motuhake. Ina neke atu te w (AL) me te w (TI) i te 4%, me 0.020.03mm te matotoru o te paninga nikara. Kāore he pānga tiaki o te paninga angiangi rawa, ā, ka whakaitihia te kaha o te hononga e te paninga matotoru rawa. Ka taea hoki te whakanoho i ngā wāhanga hei whakarewa ki roto i te pouaka mō te whakakoi korehau. Me whakakī te pouaka ki te getter. Hei tauira, ka mimiti te Zr i te hau i te pāmahana teitei, ka taea te hanga i tētahi korehau ā-rohe i roto i te pouaka, ā, ka ārai i te waikura o te mata o te koranu.

Ripanga 15 ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o ngā hononga whakarewa korehau o ngā konukōre turanga nikara noa

Ka rerekē te hanganga iti me te kaha o te hononga whakarewa o te Superalloy me te āputa whakarewa, ā, mā te maimoatanga horapa i muri i te whakarewa ka nui ake te uara whakaaetia mō te āputa hononga. Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i te koranu Inconel, ka taea e te āputa mōrahi o te hononga Inconel i whakarewahia ki te b-ni82crsib te eke ki te 90um i muri i te maimoatanga horapa i te 1000 ℃ mō te 1H; Heoi, mō ngā hononga i whakarewahia ki te b-ni71crsib, ko te āputa mōrahi he tata ki te 50um i muri i te maimoatanga horapa i te 1000 ℃ mō te 1H.

3) Hononga ā-wāhanga wai taupua Ka whakamahia e te hononga ā-wāhanga wai taupua te koranu ā-paparanga (tata ki te 2.5 ~ 100um te matotoru) he iti iho te ira rewa i te konganuku turanga hei konganuku whakakī. I raro i te pēhanga iti (0 ~ 0.007mpa) me te pāmahana tika (1100 ~ 1250 ℃), ka rewa tuatahi te rauemi ā-paparanga, ka whakamakuku i te konganuku turanga. Nā te tere o te horapa o ngā huānga, ka puta te whakapakeketanga isothermal i te hononga hei hanga i te hononga. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei tikanga ngā whakaritenga ōrite o te mata konganuku turanga, ā, ka whakaitihia te pēhanga whakarewa. Ko ngā tawhā matua o te hononga ā-wāhanga wai taupua ko te pēhanga, te pāmahana, te wā pupuri me te hanganga o te paparanga. Whakamahia he pēhanga iti ake kia pai ai te pa o te mata honohono o te whakarewa. He nui te pānga o te pāmahana me te wā whakamahana ki te mahi a te hononga. Mena e hiahiatia ana kia rite te kaha o te hononga ki te konganuku turanga, ā, kāore e pā ki te mahi a te konganuku turanga, me whakamahi ngā tawhā tukanga hononga o te pāmahana teitei (pēnei i te ≥ 1150 ℃) me te wā roa (pēnei i te 8 ~ 24h); Mena ka heke te kounga hononga o te hononga, ka kore rānei e taea e te konganuku turanga te tu atu i te pāmahana teitei, me whakamahi he pāmahana iti iho (1100 ~ 1150 ℃) me te wā poto ake (1 ~ 8h). Me tango e te paparanga waenga te hanganga konganuku turanga hono hei hanganga taketake, ka tāpirihia ngā huānga whakamatao rerekē, pēnei i te B, Si, Mn, Nb, me ētahi atu. Hei tauira, ko te hanganga o te koranu Udimet ko ni-15cr-18.5co-4.3al-3.3ti-5mo, ā, ko te hanganga o te paparanga waenga mō te hononga āhua wai tauwhiro ko b-ni62.5cr15co15mo5b2.5. Ka taea e ēnei huānga katoa te whakaiti i te pāmahana rewa o ngā koranu Ni Cr, Ni Cr Co rānei ki te iti rawa, engari ko te pānga o te koranu B te mea tino kitea. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e te tere horapa teitei o te koranu B te whakakotahi tere i te koranu i waenga i ngā paparanga me te konganuku turanga.